Перегляд за Автор "Okunovska, Yu. V."

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  • Ескіз недоступний
    Документ
    POLITICAL ELITE IN THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
    (Вінниця: ДонНУ імені Василя Стуса "Політичне життя", 2020) Prymush, M. V.; Okunovska, Yu. V.; Hyzhko, A. P.
    This paper is a study of the subject matter and features of the institutionalization of the elite in the process of modernization of the political system. It is proved that the functioning of the institutional environment takes place at the macro and micro levels. In this context, the article studies the degree of coherence of the institutional environment and its dependence on the consent of all the subjects to respect the rules and norms that ensure social and political order. The study reveals a set of legitimate rules of interaction and competitive political practices that form the basis of the institutional environment (functioning of the elite). It describes the communication processes that form such interactions in the institutional environment. It is concluded that clear rules and procedures of lobbying allow balancing the interests of public groups and political elites on the basis of compromise solutions. Accordingly, lobbying ensures a pluralism of legitimate opportunities for public participation in the development and adoption of political decisions, provides publicity to the process and activities of state authorities. Authors grounded that a set of legitimate rules of interaction and competitive political practices form the basis of the institutional environment of elite functioning. A holistic understanding of the rules of interaction and practices helps to determine the procedure of the elite institution in the political modernization processes, the dynamism of which is provided by the optimal choice of political technologies. Also, communication processes shape specific types of interaction in the institutional environment, facilitating feedback, optimal distribution of resources, and the use of political system capabilities to optimize modernization changes. The elite institute, forming and controlling communication processes, ensures the involvement of public initiative in the practical implementation of modernization projects on the basis of partnership and mutual responsibility.
  • Ескіз недоступний
    Документ
    ГРОМАДА ЯК ОСНОВНИЙ ЕЛЕМЕНТ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ
    (Вінниця: ДонНУ імені Василя Стуса, 2022-10-12) Prymush, M. V.; Okunovska, Yu. V.
    The article determines key characteristics of a “hromada” as a key element of local self-government. It describes main concepts and categories that are mentioned in the course of decentralization reform implementation and introduction of changes to the structure of local self-government. The article describes the legislation that regulates the operation of hromadas (communities) and establishment of territorial hromadas (communities) in the context of decentralization. While analyzing the legislation, special attention was paid to differentiation such terms as “hromada” and “territorial hromada”. The study analyzes historical preconditions as it has been so historically formed in Ukraine that a hromada (community) was the basic territorial unit, which, having its own governing bodies, has performed a number of important functions. It has been determined that there are many different opinions as to the types of communities and their functions. While analyzing the rights and obligations of hromadas (communities) of a territorial hromada (community), the following spheres were selected: social, economic, cultural-spiritual, political, judicial and defense. It has been proven that a territorial hromada, as a subject regulating the socio-economic development of a territory, is vested with function, which generally coincide with the power and functions of local self-government. The authors states that in the course of the decentralization reform, it was impossible to establish territorial hromadas (communities) on the occupied territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts (since 2014), thus military-civil administrations were established on these territories. In addition, it has also been analyzed that since the beginning of a full-scale intervention on the russian federation on February 24, 2022, part of territorial hromadas (communities) in Ukraine are defined as territories that are temporarily occupied; territoriesthat are surrounded (blocked); territories where active hostilities are ongoing.