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- ДокументВерховенство права як ідеологічна парадигма цивілізованої держави(2020) Краковська, А.Є.; Стаднік, І.В.The article is dedicated to the study of the problem of the rule of law as an ideological paradigm in the context of building a civilized state. The main approaches to define the concept of paradigm are analyzed and it is proved that the ideological paradigm of a civilized state is the ideal model of a state, is formed on the basis of society members’ general perception of basic values and fundamental knowledge and determines goals setting and choices of means to achieve them, as well as provides adequate implementation of its essential characteristics into real life. The main approaches to define the concept and content of the rule of law are summarized. The authors have analyzed its definition at international level (in particular, the Venice Commission), as well as certain legal determinations of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the characteristics of the components of the rule of law. It is justified that the rule of law is a certain ideal model of interaction between law and state, which is formed on the basis of society members’ general perception of basic legal values and fundamental knowledge with the aim to limit state power, protect human rights and freedoms from arbitrary interference of a state (or its bodies) on the basis of legitimacy and justice. It is confirmed that the main components of the rule of law are legal validity and certainty, prohibition on arbitrariness, access to independent and impartial justice, respect for human rights, prohibition on discrimination and equal protection of the law. It is proved that the rule of law requires a balanced legal policy, conduction of measures aimed at formation of a positive legal consciousness and improvement of the legal culture of society as a whole.
- ДокументЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ «ПРО ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВЛАДИ» В РОЗРІЗІ ДОТРИМАННЯ ПРАВ ПУБЛІЧНИХ СЛУЖБОВЦІВ(Запоріжжя: Запорізький національний університет, 2022) Краковська, А.Є.; Євтушенко, Д.О.The article is devoted to the analysis of the Law of Ukraine «On Purification of Power», in terms of observing the rights of public servants. Two main approaches to lustration have been identified. The experience of Estonia and Latvia regarding this phenomenon, the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case «Polyakh and others v. Ukraine» are analyzed. It was found that the Law of Ukraine «On Purification of Power» violates the rights of civil servants, because it does not require any proof of individual guilt, but applies to a wide range of persons. Draft law No. 3326 of April 13, 2020, which provides for amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Purification of Power», was analyzed. It has been established that this draft law is not only not aimed at implementing the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, but also increases the range of persons to whom lustrations or bans may be applied. Also, draft law No. 2287 of October 18, 2019 was analyzed. It is suggested that the Law of Ukraine «On Purification of Power» be recognized as invalid. However, such a position also seems incorrect, because not all of the Law violates human rights, but only those of its provisions that lead to the absence of individualization of guilt and the application of its provisions to a wide range of persons. The necessity of making changes to Art. 3 of the Law of Ukraine «On Purification of Power», because it contains provisions that violate the requirements regarding the individualization of guilt and the non-application of the Law to a wide range of persons, clause 1 of Art. 6 (right to a fair trial), Art. 8 (right to respect for private and family life) of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The decision of the Supreme Court dated June 3, 2020 in case No. 817/3431/14 was examined, in which the Court came to the conclusion that the Law of Ukraine «On the Purification of Power» did not provide for any real procedural guarantees under which individuals would have the opportunity to prove that, despite the positions they held, they did not participate in any human rights violations and did not use or support anti-democratic measures. The attention was focused on the fact that the plaintiff was reinstated in his position by this decision, and in the part of the claims for the collection of the average salary during the forced absence, the case was sent for a new trial to the court of first instance (it was decided to collect the average salary during the forced absence in favor of the plaintiff ). The necessity of submitting a draft law to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, which would provide for amendments to Art. 3 of the Law of Ukraine «On Purification of Power»
- ДокументПоняття та зміст адміністративних послуг(2020) Краковська, А.Є.; Колотуха, К.А.У статті виявлено теоретичну та практичну проблему тлумачення і розуміння визначення «адміністративних послуг». Здійснено порівняльний аналіз існуючих підходів науковців до дефініції такого поняття. Встановлено, що у європейських країнах, використовується інший термінологічний апарат послуг, що надаються органами влади, це – «public service», дослідженопідходи до визначення змісту такого поняття. Розроблено власне наукове визначення терміну «адміністративні послуги», обґрунтовано пропозиції щодо закріплення такого визначення у Законі України «Про адміністративні послуги».